Banyeres over time, Banyeres notes during the War of Succession


Juan Carlos Hernandez Teruel

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On the occasion of the completion of ongoing work on Banyeres de Mariola during the War of Succession in its broadest context, Could it get for a given documentation of different Municipal Archives nearby towns (Bocairente, there, Jijona, etc.), and also from an unknown literature to date by banyerenses. Two of the latter have obtained a few weeks before the close of delivery of articles for this magazine-Party Program, so that, for his unpublished information, we wanted to share their scoop with readers of the magazine; thus, we rush in making and delivering the resulting article. Both issues are related to expose the last siege suffered by Banyeres austracistas (Allied troops of Archduke Charles of Austria) what, by the data already acquired, It was a long and intense day, a coming and going of troops from the regular army and companies austracista, both militia and military defenders Felipe V.

The first question is determined by a literature that has been obtained thanks to the information provided by D. Herminio Gómez Gascón (Director of the Interpretation Center Museum Battle of Almansa), which told us that the Revearching Magazine & Dragon nº 5 containing an article concerning the Battle of Almansa in the next paragraph on referred Banyeres. After obtaining the aforementioned article and not conforming with that paragraph, we wanted to dig deeper and we could find the next Bibliorafía: "António Couto reviews of Castelo Branco upon campaigns 1706 e 1707 in Spain", annotated edition of Gastao de Melo, edited in Coimbra 1930, based on the manuscript 778 del General Fund de la Biblioteca Nacional Lisbon.

António Couto was the colonel's Third New Keys infantry Portuguese. Said Colonel participated in the Battle of Almansa, forming first line on the right of the army austracista, sandwiched between his cavalry, whose battle and made him prisoner.

By last, we can add to it that Tertius was a type of military combat unit already in decline in the early eighteenth century, becoming a restructuring which would be replaced by the Regiments novísimos. Restructuring in the Spanish army appears with the Royal Ordinance 28 September 1704. These reforms in European armies are gradual, It is those of France and England first and then those of the other European powers. Thus, the Portuguese in 1707 Thirds remained between about 400 Y 600 men and not Regiments, since they had not yet adapted their ancient organic to modern. His uniform would possibly composed mainly of jacket and pants in light gray, the turns of the sleeves also called cuffs of yellow jacket, pudiéndolas also have green to differentiate themselves from their own Thirds, and headgear hat "I acandilado" called tricornio, black, edged with white chevron. Likewise, its flag was represented by the green and white colors, and it was divided into four parts, being in turn each part divided into two triangle-shaped, and each contained the indicated colors.

Then transcribe the piece of text that concerns us in its original language (Portuguese), in which it is observed that, for some reason, does not match the date of Coronel said in his statement the day reflected in all known, but two days before (the day 14). then, We expose its literal translation.

Original text:

"After a few days the Battle of Veyo Sergeant Major D. Joaõ Manoel de Noronha in 16 November said Anno with the Field Master Rosary Dom Luis Manoel da Camara, and the Field Master of the Rosary Aveyras Conde, commandava that Sergeant Major Pedro Mendes da Silveyra and Third Field Master Antonio Carneiro de Sousa, ese join my Tezço, We sahimos to take Praca de Banheras; He left, and high fesse near Banheras seriaõ two hours of dawn; I will have to tell the enemies that entregacem being at dawn; they reponderam com dilaçam, etornou another message, that thick to be elles recolhecem to posts, eao Castello Governor, that era um Emgenheiro Frances Mr. Samartem; assaltouse with Thirds where people are perdeo alguna; tomouselhe Villa, and burned it, and plundered; Castello as non hauia that if you open the doors retreated; Received from the Assault Hua D major wounds. Antonio Azeuedo that eraa Cappitam Third Infantry's D. Luis Manoel da Camara, that with great value arrived at the gates of Castello, and the Field Master Antonio Sousa Carneyro also jumped the smell thir with great value. In this place were the shocks most of the day throughout the winter athe April 4 of 1707. Fis com great disvello, risk what you charged me; there fardey the Rosary that did manufacture nouo. The Governor Mr Samartem in France confessed that I had served His Majesty aquelle winter with great care and cautella, that fazendose muyta diligence by suprenderem me, and not can get créeme in descuydo. " (1)

Translated text:

"After a few days came Sergeant Major Battle D. Juan Manuel Noronha the 16 November of that year (1706) with the third part of the Range Master D. Luis Manuel de Camara, One third of the Range Master Count Aveyras headed by Sergeant Major Pedro Mendes of Silveyra and Third Field Master Antonio Carneiro de Sousa, they would join my Tertius, we went out to take the place of Bathtubs; Marchin On, and we stopped near Bathtubs being two hours Madrugada; We send enemies who surrender at dawn; they responded with deterrence, returning another message, that was enough for them to collect their posts, Castle Governor, it was a French engineer Monsieur Samartem; (2) It Thirds where we attacked with some people lost; taking the Villa, and he burned, and pillaged; Castle as there was what he would open the doors we retire. He received a major assault on the wounds D. Antonio de Azeuedo who was captain of Infantry Regiment of D. Luis Manuel de Camara with great value reached the gates of the Castle, and the Range Master Carneyro Antonio de Sousa also jumped the trenches with great courage. On this site clashes were the most days throughout the winter until April 4 of 1707. It was with great watchfulness, risk and asked me what; Tertius bundle there with the cloths that I make again. The Mr Governor. Samartem in France confessed that he served his Majesty that winter with great care and caution, diligently doing if he was surprised, and believe me I could not get into neglect. "

Rogelio Sanchis Llorens "Selected Works of Alcoy" tells us that Juan Manuel Noronha was stationed in Alcoy under the command of the Marquis de Minas; Likewise, in the above mentioned magazine article R&D nº 5, Juan Luis Sanchez tells us (author of "Battle of Almansa"), Couto was stationed next to Tertius de Mello in Bocairente, while Camara in Onteniente near the Conde de Aveyras, and finally Carneiro in Agres and a company of horses. (3) Well said Rogelio Sanchis says, after the attack, the health situation in Alcoy was committed, the difficulty of doctors to treat the wounded brought from Banyeres.

In the fragment discussed, great detail is observed, and is that, as we have seen, during the winter 1706-1707 Couto was stationed in Bocairente to 4 of April, circumstance that with the arrival of good weather allowed start a new "campaign" (Villena castle siege, with the same negative result at Banyeres- and subsequent Battle of Almansa).

During that winter time, in the neighboring town of Bocairente new uniforms were made of brown cloth Portuguese Tertius. In an earlier exposed paragraph tells us the following Bocairente: “… It is rich by having cloth factories, and silk …” (4) Although this phrase may seem at first glance that is included as a development made in Banyeres, Couto actually what you are commenting are some of the aspects developed during their stay in Bocairente, and the Kingdom of Valencia. In this regard, we can see that, years later, when the priest Antonio Josef Cavanilles in spring 1791 begins observations on the "Natural History, geographic, Agriculture and fruits of the Kingdom of Valencia ", in its Volume II again reflects that the last population has cloth factories among others (5) and obtaining silks, (6) Banyeres while only reflects obtain factories caps, Faxas and aprons. (7)

In the next issue we will refer to Monsieur de la Robiniere. So we've chosen two paragraphs already well known by all, which they are in the book of Banyeres. Historical study – Geographical and Cultural de la Villa, to try to reveal some more details about that Monsieur.

The first quotation reads:

“…soon to be more relief D. Corbí Pedro Coronel and the protection of Monsieur Rubiniere that he was ready to succor soldiers inhabitants in Villena…” (8)

Also the second quote says:

“…and heard the Monsieur relationship Rubiniere sent together cavalry hastily and two hours after the evening came to this town with the assistance of some residents of the city of Villena and came to this town while the enemies were already retired, action by which the said brigadier sent to put together a French company for safekeeping…” (9)

Possibly the French company to which refers the quoted text, thirty soldiers are commenting D. Pedro Albero in the letter of 11 February 1708, (10) and that mention is made as Sister Troop, in the first part of the relationship made under the Royal Order of His Majesty of 18 April 1790, It is containing the first two items of the four of the Archbishopric of Valencia comprises. (11) As also mentioned commander D. Pedro Tree, Regardless of the Infantry Captain Raimundo Casamayor who coincidently was stationed in Banyeres as commander from the 14 November 1706 al 11 February 1708. (12)

D. Mr. D era of Rubiniere. Sunday's Robiniere, who was governor commander of weapons of Villena and Square Brigadier French Infantry Regiment called "Blesois" (13) (Advocates Bourbon). This regiment was garrisoned in Villena, It is able to calculate the number of soldiers in at least one 800, because those were the places of accommodation -boletas – that Mr. Dominic asked the City Council villenense:

“… how the brigadier D. Domingo Robinier, Governor commander of weapons of this city, asks to be delivered eight hundred ballots for many other French garrison there to house in this city …” (14)

The Regiment "Blesois" would uniform with jacket and pants in light gray, almost white, like all French, the possibly blue cuffs and black tricorn trimmed with white chevron, as they were normally in all generally uniform. Likewise, They could have behaved that night called the flag ordinance, which it was white with a crown in the middle.

.- CAPTIONS:

* Home Magazine "O INSTITUTE"

Portada de la magazine en la cual them appears "António Couto reviews of White Castle upon the campnhas of 1706 e 1707 in Spain", annotated edition of Gaston Melo de Matos (Coimbra, 1930), manuscript 778 del General Fund de la Biblioteca Nacional Lisbon.

*Plate XI

XI sheet magazine R&D Nº 8, in which states as follows: "Portuguese Army in Almansa: From left to right, soldier squad "das Cavalharia Guardians" or the Marquis de Las Minas; Sergeant Major del Rosary Old Setubal soldier y del Rosary New Keys (Couto), which forms the bottom. This unit drew up his wardrobe of brown cloth in Banyeres, in February 1707. Watercolor Emilio Marin (450 x 300 mm), 1999."To which it was a misunderstanding, since such cloths were performed in Bocairente.

* castle image:

western area of ​​the bottom wall of the Castle, in which through rehabilitation and consolidation works carried out in the year 1993, It found that in the upper layers obtained a partial clearing of the portion of the upper courses of the lower body of the wall, on the other hand which are supported and which is reused in the elevation of the body thereof, being able to appreciate its horizontal misalignment. I commented with their defensive openings type tronera, suitable for the use of firearms, also observed a rather irregular sinuous alignment, It suggests that it was built hastily to the threat of imminent danger, possibly during the war in question (Small, 1993). This area was undoubtedly the most intense crossfire by weapons of supporters and opponents of each side in the last austracista siege; 14/11/1706.

* image map:

Map of the municipalities that make up the environment Banyeres de Mariola, showing the advocates of each side during the War of Succession in the last quarter of the year 1706. As can be seen Banyeres is border with the municipalities of austracista occupation, as well as Couto indicated in his manuscript "… having three squares on the border of Villa de Bocayrente, that interferon Baths, Albalha, Vilhena and that ficaua close …” (The Institute – Volume 80º. P.: 600).

RED POINT – Banyeres de Mariola. University belonging to the Union of Villas de la Hoya of Castalla.

GREEN POINT – Area formed by the Union of Villas de la Hoya of Castalla.

YELLOW POINT – Area partisan of Archduke Charles of Austria (austracistas).

ORANGE POINT – valedora area Felipe V (Bourbons).

BLUE POINT – March of the quartered Thirds to concentrate on Bocairente.

Bluish POINT – Front Thirds attack austracistas the siege of Banyeres at dawn 14 November 1706, come by the old road of Bocairente-Banyeres.

VIOLET POINT – defense forces Felipe V: 1.- Relief Union of Villas de la Hoya of Castalla, come on 14 possibly in the path of the same name. 2.- Relief of M. Robiniere from Villena, arrived in the early hours of the day 15.

POINT GRAY – Austracistas withdrawal of Thirds after the siege.

Notes:

1.- The Institute – Volume 80º. P.: 606, 607.
2.- Saint-Martin.
3.- Researching magazine & Dragon nº 5. P.: 72.
4.- The Institute – Volume 80º. P.: 604.
5.- Observations Cavanilles – T. II. P.: 165.
6.- Observations Cavanilles – T. II. P.: 166.
7.- Observations Cavanilles – T. II. P.: 168.
8.- bathtubs. Historical and geographical and cultural study of the Villa. P.: 98.
9.- bathtubs. Historical and geographical and cultural study of the Villa. P.: 99.
10.- bathtubs. Historical and geographical and cultural study of the Villa. P.: 94.
11.- bathtubs. Historical and geographical and cultural study of the Villa. P.: 192, 193.
12.- bathtubs. Historical and geographical and cultural study of the Villa. P.: 102.
13.- Let's guns! Siege Castle Villena 1707. P.: 27.
14.- Cabildo 1 from December to 1706 Villena.

Consulted bibliography:

"António Couto reviews of Castelo Branco on campaigns 1706 e 1707 in Spain". Annotated edition of Gastao de Melo de Matos, based on the manuscript 778 del General Fund de la Biblioteca Nacional Lisbon. "THE INSTITUTE. Scientifica Magazine and Literary ", Volume 80º. Coimbra – Impresa University, 1930.

"Bathtubs. Historical and geographical and cultural study of the Villa ". Valero Romualdo Domenech, Mª del Carmen Banderas French, José Luis Vañó Pont, Mataix Blanquer and Miguel Antonio Martínez Sempere. Banyeres de Mariola, 1986.

"New contributions to historical and archaeological study of Castell de Banyeres". Juan Manuel Vicens Small. "Castells magazine" No. 3. October, 1.993.

"The 'observations Cavanilles two hundred years later". July Lacarra, Ximo Sanchez and Francesc Jarque. BANCAJA – Social work, 1997.

“Almansa, 1707: The Lises Crown ". Juan Luis Sánchez Martin, Ferrer Marin illustrated by Emilio. Magazine "Researching & Dragon "nº5. Madrid, February 1998.

"Tutorial Battle of Almansa". Fernando García Martínez, Jesus Gomez Cortes and Ramon Rodriguez Lopez. City of Almansa, 2006.

"A Cannons! The siege of the castle of Villena 1707 ". José Vicente Lázaro Arnedo - Essay Prize Winner "Faustino Alonso Gotor 2006 '. Edita: Comparsa de Estudiantes de Villena. Villena, 2007.